Experience d'introduction de l'implant contraceptif Jadelle® en Cote D'Ivoire: Analyse de l’efficacité, des incidents et des effets indésirables chez 300 femmes.

Les implants contraceptifs sont presque inconnus en Côte d’Ivoire comme méthode contraceptive. L’avènement du Jadelle® pourrait contribuer à promouvoir cette méthode de contraception. L’objectif était d’apprécier la possibilité d’introduction de l’implant Jadelle® en Côte d’Ivoire comme méthode contraceptive. Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective pilote qui s’est déroulée du 1er au 31 Mai 2009 dans 10 centres de sanitaires de l’Association Ivoirienne pour le Bien Être Familial (AIBEF). Elle a concerné 300 utilisatrices du Jadelle® comme méthode contraceptive depuis 12 mois. Notre étude a consisté à évaluer l’efficacité, les effets indésirables et les incidents de la contraception par l’implant Jadelle®. La planification familiale était le principal motif de la contraception, soit 96%. Aucune grossesse n’a été rapportée. Des effets secondaires ont été signalés chez 18% des patientes et étaient dominés par les métrorragies (33,3%). Le désir de retrait s’est exprimé chez 05 patientes (01,7%), majoritairement 6 mois après la pose (60%), pour désir de grossesse (60%). Deux (02) cas d’infection du site et un (01) cas de rejet des bâtonnets ont été enregistrés. Le Jadelle® est une méthode contraceptive efficace. La réussite de son introduction en Côte d’Ivoire passe par une formation de tout le personnel soignant sur les méthodes d’introduction et de retrait, et la facilitation de son accessibilité.MOTS CLES: Contraception - Implant Jadelle® - Côte d’Ivoir

Quantitative estimates of glacial refugia for chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) since the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP)

Paleoclimate reconstructions have enhanced our understanding of how past climates have shaped present-day biodiversity. We hypothesize that the geographic extent of Pleistocene forest refugia and suitable habitat fluctuated significantly in time during the late Quaternary for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Using bioclimatic variables representing monthly temperature and precipitation estimates, past human population density data, and an extensive database of georeferenced presence points, we built a model of changing habitat suitability for chimpanzees at fine spatio-temporal scales dating back to the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP). Our models cover a spatial resolution of 0.0467° (approximately 5.19 km2 grid cells) and a temporal resolution of between 1000 and 4000 years. Using our model, we mapped habitat stability over time using three approaches, comparing our modeled stability estimates to existing knowledge of Afrotropical refugia, as well as contemporary patterns of major keystone tropical food resources used by chimpanzees, figs (Moraceae), and palms (Arecacae). Results show habitat stability congruent with known glacial refugia across Africa, suggesting their extents may have been underestimated for chimpanzees, with potentially up to approximately 60,000 km2 of previously unrecognized glacial refugia. The refugia we highlight coincide with higher species richness for figs and palms. Our results provide spatio-temporally explicit insights into the role of refugia across the chimpanzee range, forming the empirical foundation for developing and testing hypotheses about behavioral, ecological, and genetic diversity with additional data. This methodology can be applied to other species and geographic areas when sufficient data are available

Dynamique de peuplement et modification paysagère dans le parc national de la Marahoue (Côte d'Ivoire)

Dynamics of Settlement and Landscaped Modification in the National Park of Marahoue (Côte d'Ivoire). In Ivory Coast, the population grew from 8.3 inh;/km² in 1950 to 71.4 inh;/km² in 2015. This increase of density of population, especially in forest area, caused land saturation that has oriented the last pioneering fronts of coffee-cocoa to the protected areas, as is the case of the National Park of Marahoué (NPM). In this park, an questionnaire survey and a mapping of the territory with the Global Positioning System were realized in order to count the population, to locate the settlements and to trace tracks. At the same time, a diachronic analysis of the land use inside the NPM was made. The results show that the dynamics of populating in the NPM was characterized since 1955 by a progressive but slow settlement of localities, which abruptly accelerated from 2000 onwards. In 2015, 53651 persons (52,15 inh./km ²) lived in this park, dispatched in 174 localities. Due to this pressure of population on the natural space, the forest disappeared for the benefit of cultures. Their area increased from 82281 hectares in 1974 to 00 hectares in 2015